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We investigate the specific heat $C_V$ at constant volume and effects ofuniaxial anisotropy of a $p$-wave attractive interaction in the normal state ofan ultracold Fermi gas. Within the framework of the strong-coupling theorydeveloped by Nozi\`eres and Schmitt-Rink, we evaluate this thermodynamicquantity as a function of temperature, in the whole interaction regime. Whilethe uniaxial anisotropy is not crucial for $C_V$ in the weak-coupling regime,$C_V$ is found to be sensitive to the uniaxial anisotropy in thestrong-coupling regime. This originates from the population imbalance among$p_i$-wave molecules ($i=x,y,z$), indicating that the specific heat is a usefulobservable to see which kinds of $p$-wave molecules dominantly exist in thestrong-coupling regime when the $p$-wave interaction has uniaxial anisotropy.Using this strong point, we classify the strong-coupling regime into somecharacteristic regions. Since a $p$-wave pairing interaction with uniaxialanisotropy has been discovered in a $^{40}$K Fermi gas, our results would beuseful in considering strong-coupling properties of a $p$-wave interactingFermi gas, when the interaction is uniaxially anisotropic.

Specific Heat and Effects of Uniaxial Anisotropy of a $p$-wave Pairing Interaction in a Strongly Interacting Ultracold Fermi Gas