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We show that the strongly correlated 4f-orbital symmetry of the ground stateis revealed by linear dichroism in core-level photoemission spectra as we havediscovered for YbRh2Si2 and YbCu2Si2. Theoretical analysis tells us that thelinear dichroism reflects the anisotropic charge distributions resulting fromcrystalline electric field. We have successfully determined the ground-state 4fsymmetry for both compounds from the polarization-dependent angle-resolvedcore-level spectra at a low temperature well below the first excitation energy.The excited-state symmetry is also probed by temperature dependence of thelinear dichroism where the high measuring temperatures are of the order of thecrystal-field-splitting energies.

Probing Strongly Correlated 4f-Orbital Symmetry of the Ground State in Yb Compounds by Linear Dichroism in Core-Level Photoemission