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We investigate the measurement-induced dephasing of a qubit coupled with asingle-mode cavity in the vacuum limit. Dephasing of the qubit state takesplace through the ntanglement of the qubit and the single probe photon sent tothe cavity, while the cavity mode never occupies a photon. We find that thequbit state is dephased even if the cavity is always in the vacuum state. Thisdephasing is caused purely by the interaction between the qubit and the vacuumfield. We also show that this vacuum-fluctuation-induced dephasing takes placemuch faster than the spontaneous decay of the qubit excited state, andtherefore our prediction is observable in a real experiment.

Vacuum-fluctuation-induced Dephasing of a Qubit in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics