English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Neonatal reindeer, in common w i t h other newborn mammals, are completely dependent on m i l k at birth. Reindeer mi lk is particularly r ich in fat (Arman 1979, Eloranta ef 1990), and supplies all the energetic and dietary needs of the calves unt i l the age of 3-4 weeks when they start to ferment green vegetation (cf. N o b l e 1981). Serum fatty acid profile of semi-domesticated reindeer during the monogastric period has been little studied. The status of certain polyunsaturated or essential fatty acids which play a role in many physiological functions, e.g. in the development of immunity , is also poor ly k n o w n . O u r objectives were: (1) to characterize serum fatty acid composit ion in reindeer calves, (2) to compare the status of serum essential fatty acids (mainly linoleic acid, 18:2) in newborn and growing reindeer, and (3) to identify the effect of m i l k lipids on serum fatty acid composit ion of calves during peak suckling period. Reindeer were from the experimental herd of the F innish Reindeer Herders' Association, located in N o r t h e r n F in land (69 °10 'N) . Altogether 18 calves of both sexes were examined from bir th to the age of three weeks. Feed concentrates containing 7% crude fat (wt /wt , by dry matter, 4% rapeseed oil) were offered to the mothers. Mothers had been freely grazing during winter pr ior to the study, or fed w i t h concentrates. B l o o d samples were taken from calves w i t h i n 12 hours of b i r th , and 1-4, 5-9,10-15 and 16-20 days post partum. Mothers were mi lked by hand at about 10 days after calving. Serum and mi lk lipids were measured enzymatically. Lipids were extracted w i t h methanol-chloroform, purified by the method of Fo lch et al. (1957) (modified by Moi l anen & N i k k a r i 1981) and methyl esters of fatty acids were analysed by gas l iquid chromatography. Serum triglyceride concentration of the calves (1.0 ± 0 . 0 8 mmol/1) did not vary significantly during the first three weeks of life. Serum cholesterol concentration increased from 2.2 ± 0 . 0 6 to 2.9 ± 0 . 1 3 mmol/1 during the first three weeks. A total of 16/18 fatty acids from 14 to 20 carbon chain lengths were identified in serum triglycerides and cholesteryl esters, respectively. Ole ic acid (18:1) predominated both triglycerides and cholesteryl esters by 35-40% at bir th . Ole ic acid was followed by palmitic (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0) in serium triglycerides, but by palmitic and palmitoleic acid (16:1) in cholesteryl esters. Triglycerides increased in saturation from 53 to 57% during the first week, while cholesteryl esters were enriched by polyunsa-

Serum fatty acid composition in reindeer calves during peak suckling period