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Muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, currently inhabit parts of the Canadian mainland tundra, numerous Arctic islands, regions of Alaska, Norway, Sweden, northern and eastern Greenland, and the Taymyr Peninsula (Lent, 1988). The takin, Budorcas taxicolor, is an Asian species presently found in mountainous areas of west central China, Burma, Bhutan and India Qia-Yan, 1989; Neas and Hoffman, 1987). Both species appear to have originated from a common ancestor in Asia and exhibit morphological similarities. Muskoxen apparently dispersed from north central Asia to North America during the Illinoian glaciation Qia-Yan, 1989). Both the muskox and the takin are members of the Bovidae. The species in this family often have markedly different diploid numbers of chromosomes, but the fundamental number (number of chromosome arms) differs only from 58 to 62 (Hsu and Benirschke, 1967-1977; Wurster and Benirschke, 1968). The consistency in the. number of chromosome arms suggests Robertsonian fusion, or the joining of chromosomes at their centromeres, to be a dominant phenomenon in the evolution of the Bovidae. The relationship of the muskox to other members in the Bovidae is somewhat unclear. Many related genera of bovids adapted to colder climates are now extinct, leaving only the muskox and takin (Jia-Yan, 1989; Lent, 1988; Neas and Hoffman, 1987). Despite the apparent close relatedness of the two species, banded karyotypes of the muskox and takin have yet to be compared. In the Bovidae, individual autosome pairs cannot be reliably distinguished using conventional staining (Lin et aL, 1977), but they have been identified using G-banding (Wang and Federoff, 1974) in a variety of species (Evans et ai, 1973; Lin et aL, 1977). High resolution or elongated banding techniques have further improved resolution and facilitated chromosome comparisons (Mensher et aL, 1989). The object of our research was to compare the individual chromosomes of the muskox and takin, and to determine the cytotaxonomic relationship of the two species using high resolution G-banding. Karyotypes were prepared from blood samples from three male muskoxen and two female takin: the muskoxen are part of

The phylogenetic relationship of the muskox and takin based on high resolution, G-banded, chromosome analysis