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Although nature and culture may in principle be distinguished from each other, the very instant that natural phenomena are verbalized they seem to become suffused with cultural associations. This article looks at the evocation of nature in literary texts by John Dos Passos and Robinson Jeffers that envision the non-human environment in fundamentally different ways, yet both draw extensively on cultural discourse to describe it. My first text, Dos Passos’ novel Manhattan Transfer (1925), suggests that a distinction between nature and culture in the portrayal of the modern city is impossible to draw; the imagery of the narrative deliberately amalgamates that which is generated by nature and that which is constructed by culture. A great many poems by Jeffers, Dos Passos’ contemporary, seek on the other hand to express the diametrically opposite theme, namely that the natural world and human civilization are essentially disparate – to the detriment of the latter. A closer examination of the language of Jeffers’ poetry reveals, however, that such a distinction between the worlds of nature and culture is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to uphold.

The Cultural Contamination of the Language of Nature: Dos Passos' "Mahattan Transfer" and Jeffers' Nature Poems