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Exercise promotes the formation of intracellular junctions in skeletal muscle between stacks of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) cisternae and extensions of transverse-tubules (TT) that increase co-localization of proteins required for store-operated Ca 2+  entry (SOCE). Here, we report that SOCE, peak Ca 2+  transient amplitude and muscle force production during repetitive stimulation are increased after exercise in parallel with the time course of TT association with SR-stacks. Unexpectedly, exercise also activated constitutive Ca 2+  entry coincident with a modest decrease in total releasable Ca 2+  store content. Importantly, this decrease in releasable Ca 2+  store content observed after exercise was reversed by repetitive high-frequency stimulation, consistent with enhanced SOCE. The functional benefits of exercise on SOCE, constitutive Ca 2+  entry and muscle force production were lost in mice with muscle-specific loss of Orai1 function. These results indicate that TT association with SR-stacks enhances Orai1-dependent SOCE to optimize Ca 2+  dynamics and muscle contractile function during acute exercise.

Transverse tubule remodeling enhances Orai1-dependent Ca 2+ entry in skeletal muscle