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Ten countries have reported  pfhrp2/pfhrp3  gene deletions since the first observation of  pfhrp2 -deleted parasites in 2012. In a previous study (Watson et al., 2017), we characterised the drivers selecting for  pfhrp2/3  deletions and mapped the regions in Africa with the greatest selection pressure. In February 2018, the World Health Organization issued guidance on investigating suspected false-negative rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) due to  pfhrp2/3  deletions. However, no guidance is provided regarding the timing of investigations. Failure to consider seasonal variation could cause premature decisions to switch to alternative RDTs. In response, we have extended our methods and predict that the prevalence of false-negative RDTs due to  pfhrp2/3  deletions is highest when sampling from younger individuals during the beginning of the rainy season. We conclude by producing a map of the regions impacted by seasonal fluctuations in  pfhrp2/3  deletions and a database identifying optimum sampling intervals to support malaria control programmes.

Impact of seasonal variations in Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission on the surveillance of pfhrp2 gene deletions