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How positional information instructs adult tissue maintenance is poorly understood. Planarians undergo whole-body regeneration and tissue turnover, providing a model for adult positional information studies. Genes encoding secreted and transmembrane components of multiple developmental pathways are predominantly expressed in planarian muscle cells. Several of these genes regulate regional identity, consistent with muscle harboring positional information. Here, single-cell RNA-sequencing of 115 muscle cells from distinct anterior-posterior regions identified 44 regionally expressed genes, including multiple  Wnt  and  ndk/FGF receptor-like (ndl/FGFRL ) genes. Two distinct FGFRL-Wnt circuits, involving juxtaposed anterior  FGFRL  and posterior  Wnt  expression domains, controlled planarian head and trunk patterning.  ndl-3  and  wntP-2  inhibition expanded the trunk, forming ectopic mouths and secondary pharynges, which independently extended and ingested food.  fz5/8-4  inhibition, like that of  ndk  and  wntA , caused posterior brain expansion and ectopic eye formation. Our results suggest that FGFRL-Wnt circuits operate within a body-wide coordinate system to control adult axial positioning.

Two FGFRL-Wnt circuits organize the planarian anteroposterior axis