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The role of mechanical signals in cell identity determination remains poorly explored in tissues. Furthermore, because mechanical stress is widespread, mechanical signals are difficult to uncouple from biochemical-based transduction pathways. Here we focus on the homeobox gene  SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM ), a master regulator and marker of meristematic identity in  Arabidopsis . We found that  STM  expression is quantitatively correlated to curvature in the saddle-shaped boundary domain of the shoot apical meristem. As tissue folding reflects the presence of mechanical stress, we test and demonstrate that  STM  expression is induced after micromechanical perturbations. We also show that  STM  expression in the boundary domain is required for organ separation. While  STM  expression correlates with auxin depletion in this domain, auxin distribution and  STM  expression can also be uncoupled.  STM  expression and boundary identity are thus strengthened through a synergy between auxin depletion and an auxin-independent mechanotransduction pathway at the shoot apical meristem.

Mechanical stress contributes to the expression of the STM homeobox gene in Arabidopsis shoot meristems