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Mineral malnutrition stemming from undiversified plant-based diets is a top global challenge. In C 3  plants (e.g., rice, wheat), elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO 2 ) reduce protein and nitrogen concentrations, and can increase the total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC; mainly starch, sugars). However, contradictory findings have obscured the effect of eCO 2  on the ionome—the mineral and trace-element composition—of plants. Consequently, CO 2 -induced shifts in plant quality have been ignored in the estimation of the impact of global change on humans. This study shows that eCO 2  reduces the overall mineral concentrations (−8%, 95% confidence interval: −9.1 to −6.9, p&lt;0.00001) and increases TNC:minerals &gt; carbon:minerals in C 3  plants. The meta-analysis of 7761 observations, including 2264 observations at state of the art FACE centers, covers 130 species/cultivars. The attained statistical power reveals that the shift is systemic and global. Its potential to exacerbate the prevalence of ‘hidden hunger’ and obesity is discussed.

Hidden shift of the ionome of plants exposed to elevated CO 2 depletes minerals at the base of human nutrition