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The strong coupling phenomenon between surface plasmons and quantum emitters has received extensive attention in recent years. It is usually studied by far-field spectral detection methods such as scattering, absorption, and fluorescence.  Electron energy loss spectroscopyEELS utilizes highly focused electron beams for local detection at sub-nanometer scale, which can be more effective for strong coupling studies. In this paper, the EELS of silver nanorods, dielectric materials and their composite core-shell nanostructures were theoretically simulated respectively, and the energy and mode characteristics of surface plasmons on the silver nanorods and the excitation characteristics of dielectric materials were obtained. The EELS of surface plasmon is basically consistent with the related experiments. Rabi splitting of spectral peaks was observed in the EELS of the above composite structures, and the effect of Ag nanorod size on Rabi splitting was explored. The strong coupling between the radiative dipolar and non-radiative higher-order plasmon with the excitation of the dielectric materials in the infrared and visible band is discussed, and the corresponding dispersion relation is analyzed with the coupled oscillator mode. Furthermore, the plexciton caused by strong coupling are discussed from the perspective of spatial distribution of loss spectrum imaging. Our study builds the basis for further theoretical study, and can guide the further experimental research.

Numerical simulation of strong coupling between silver nanorod and dielectric layer detected by electron energy loss spectrum