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The sewage treatment facility of a paper mill at Konstancin-Jeziorna (near Warsaw) was opened in 1961 to process industrial as well as domestic wastewater. After the closure of the paper mill in 2012, the sewage treatment facility had to be rebuilt and modernized. Modernization included revitalization of facultative lagoons – stabilization ponds used for biological treatment of wastewater, located in southern and northern parts of the facility. The revitalization was mainly connected with removal of accumulated sediments and their utilization in accordance with the current regulations. This made analyses of chemical and phase composition of sediments of utmost importance for selecting a proper way of their utilization. In total, 18 samples of sediments were taken to identify general phase composition by X-ray diffraction (XRD analysis) and determine concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr, V, Zn, Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P and S with the use of atomic emission spectrometry with an excitation in the inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES). Moreover, contents of Hg were determined by absorption spectrometry with the use of amalgamator (AMA). The analyses showed that lagoon bottom sediments consist in over 90% of mineral fraction, mainly kaolinite, calcite and quartz. Moreover, neomorphic smitsonite occur in trace amounts. The sediments contains low quantities of Hg, Cd, Co and Mo, and elevated concentration of Zn, Ba, Mn and Sr. High content of  kaolinite and Zn (1,072 mg/kg at the average in sediments from the southern lagoon and 647 mg/kg at the average in those from the northern lagoon) is the direct result of operation of the paper mill as kaolinite was used  for paper mass infill and ensuring the gloss on some grades of paper and Zn oxide – to make coating of paper whiter, brighter and more stable. Comparisons of the recorded mean concentrations of elements with admissible concentrations as defined in Regulation of the Minister of Environment dated on 9 September 2002 on standards of soil quality (Journal of Laws No. 165, item 1359) showed that the mean concentrations of As, Sn, Co, Mo and Ni  meet quality standards for soils in areas under protection (group A). In turn, mean concentrations of Pb, Hg and Cr in sediments from the northern lagoon are higher but still matching standards for areas used for agricultural and other purposes (group B). Concentrations still higher but remaining admissible for industrial areas (group C) were recorded in the case of Zn as well as Cd, Cu and Ba but only in samples of sediments from the northern lagoon. No elements were found to occur in concentrations exceeding those admissible for the group C.

Anthropogenic sediments from facultative lagoons of the Konstancin - Jeziorna sewage treatment facility and their usability for soil recultivation