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Dynamic advances in the drilling technology applied to prospecting for oil and gas deposits are associated with growing volumes of drilling waste. The waste materials of this origin can be divided into two essential groups: 1) rock cuttings representing a fragmented mineral material derived from the rocks drilled through, 2) spent drilling muds of various types. Utilization of the rock cuttings is not, generally, a serious environmental problem. The environmental problem appears in the case of spent water-based muds. They represent highly diversifi ed, multicomponent and multiphase colloidal systems, consisting sometimes of several tens of chemical compounds and substances, both mineral and organic, the latter being various polymers and macromolecules that are derivates of both natural biopolymers and synthetic organic substances [8, 11]. During drilling operations, the drilling mud is degraded by intensive mechanical processes and elevated temperatures as well as by a selective sorption phenomena taking place on surfaces of mineral components of the rocks being drilled through. Therefore, any research aimed at developing the technology of treating various drilling waste materials, their recovery and utilization must be preceded by combined investigations of the composition and properties of drilling muds. These very issues have been considered by the authors who concentrated particularly on studying the chemical composition, the mineral and phase content, and a specifi c microstructure of polymeric-mineral systems, in which interactions of substances of mineral and organic groups decide on the properties of spent drilling muds.

Characterization, properties and microstructure of spent drilling mud from the point of view of environmental protection