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Thermal decomposition of fish bones to obtain calcium oxide (CaO) was conducted at various temperatures of 400, 500, 800,  900,  1000,  and  1100  °C.  The  calcium  oxide  was  then  characterized  using  X-ray  diffractometer,  FTIR\udspectrophotometer, and SEM analysis. The calcium oxide obtained from the decomposition at 1000 °C was  then used as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel from waste  cooking oil. Diffraction pattern of the calcium oxide produced from decomposition at 1000 °C showed a pattern similar to that of the calcium oxide produced by the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standard (JCDPS). The diffractions of 2θvalues at 1000 °C were 32.2, 37.3, 53.8, 64.1, and67.3 deg. The FTIR spectrum of calcium oxide decomposed at 1000 °C has a specific vibration at wave-length 362 cm-1, which is similar  to  the  specific  vibration  of  Ca-O.  SEM  analysis  of  the  calcium  oxide  indicated  that  the  calcium  oxide’s morphology shows a smaller size and a more homogeneous structure, compared to those of fish bones. Theuse of calcium \udoxide as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil resulted in iod number of 15.23 g/100 g KOH, \uddensity of 0.88 g/cm3, viscosity of 6.00 cSt, and fatty acid value of 0.56 mg/KOH. These characteristic values meet the National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) for biodiesel

makara journal of technology

Characterization and Utilization of Calcium Oxide (CaO) Thermally Decomposed from Fish Bones as a Catalyst in the Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil