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The welding of alloy 718 is known to cause intergranular hot cracks in the heat affected zone adjacent to the fusion zone. These intergranular cracks form when liquid is present simultaneously with thermal contraction stress. The source of the liquid is the constitutional liquation of second phases such as NbC and Laves. Three attributes of the intergranular liquid are suspected of controlling the alloy's susceptibility to intergranular hot cracking. These are the ability to wet the grain boundaries, the resistance of the liquid to isothermal-type resolidification and the eutectic temperature of the liquid. These attributes are examined through the study of intergranular liquid phase distributions as a function of temperature and time. Correlations are reviewed between the liquid phase distribution and carbon content and sulfur content. Supporting data is examined that relates the effect of carbon to the volume fraction of NbC and the effect of sulfur to intergranutar segregation. The effects of heat treatment, temperature, and primary processing on the liquid phase distribution are also reviewed. Finally, a model is reviewed that relates the time for isothermal-type resolidification of a grain boundary liquid film to various material properties. These properties include the volume fraction of liquating phase and grain size. Superalloy 718-Metallurgy and Applications Edited by E.A. Loria The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1989

Intergranular Liquid Formation, Distribution, and Cracking in the HAZ of Alloy 718 Welds