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In the basin of river Purna, main crops cultivated are cotton, sorghum, pigeon pea, black gram, green gram, wheat, gram etc. The nitrogen is essential element for growth and development of plants. In soils, organic nitrogen (N2) is converted to ammonia through microbial decomposition. Ammonium already formed in the soil, added as fertilizer or in precipitation is rapidly oxidized to nitrate in the nitrification process carried out by specific bacteria like Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas. This region has with stressed the accountable changes in climate, rise in nitrate content in underground waters and least nitrogenous fertilizers use effectively. The present study involves a review over the existing knowledge of microscopic data and processes that are relevant for the isolation and characterization of nitrifying bacteria from soil, mainly to isolate nitrifying bacteria by a less time consuming method. All the isolates showed morphological and biochemical criterion similar to species of the genera Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.

Study of Nitrifying Bacteria from Arid Soil of Purna Basin of Vidarbha Region, Maharashtra, India