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In this study, we used transcriptome analysis of Vitis flexuosa to identify an E3 ubiquitin ligase RING1a gene, VfRING1a, which shows homology with the Arabidopsis PRC1-like core component AtRING1a. The CDS of the VfRING1a gene measures 1443 bp long and encodes 480 amino acids, including an N-terminal conserved RING domain, similar to Arabidopsis RING1a. To compare the structural distinction of VfRING1a from VvRING1a and AtRING1a, the locations of gene motifs were confirmed using a MEME motif search tool, and 3D steric structure of the RING1a genes was analyzed by a SWISS-MODEL protein structure prediction. We identified 12 and 8 conserved motifs dispersed throughout the protein sequences in VfRING1a and AtRING1a, respectively. The expression analysis of VfRING1a showed tissue-specific expression in various tissues, including leaves, flowers in prebloom and full bloom stages, and young and ripe berries. The expression pattern was investigated by inoculating grapevines with Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, C. gloeosporioides, Elsinoe ampelina, and Rhizobium vitis and subsequent evaluation with quantitative real-time PCR. The VfRING1a gene was expressed differentially, depending on the inoculum used. We believe that these results provide meaningful data for further studies of the structure analysis and function of the VfRING1a gene in grapevines. Additional key words: differential expression, E3 ubiquitin ligase, gene regulation, inoculation of pathogens, RING domain

The VfRING1a Gene is Differentially Expressed in Response to Infection with Pathogens in Vitis flexuosa and Grapevines