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By the latter part of the nineteenth century there was considerable concern in Ontario regarding the loss of forests, as a result of land clearing for agriculture and the harvesting of timber. In response, the provincial government established a department known as the Clerk of Forestry, charged with ensuring a perpetual supply of timber resources and revenues. This department instituted a variety of educational and reforestation initiatives, such as Arbor Day, and the Ontario Tree Planting Act (1883). These initiatives were justified in terms of the supposed effects of forest clearing on the local climate and agricultural productivity. However, their effectiveness was limited by the continuing priority attached to private property rights, doubts concerning the relation between forest loss, climate, and productivity, and a long-standing antagonism towards nature and forests. These issues are examined both in Ontario as a whole, and through a case study of Essex County.La déforestation devint une préoccupation en Ontario au cours de la seconde moitié du dix-neuvième siècle, suite au défrichage résultant des besoins de l’agriculture et de l’industrie du bois d’oeuvre. Le gouvernement provincial institua un ministère des forêts chargé d’assurer la pérennité des ressources en bois et des revenus s’y rattachant, et ce dernier implanta plusieurs initiatives éducatives et de reboisement, tels Arbor Day et l’Ontario Tree Planting Act (1883). Ces mesures étaient justifiées par les effets attendus du déboisement sur le climat local et sur la productivité agricole, mais leur efficacité s’est vue limitée par la priorité accordée aux droits de propriété privée, par les doutes sur l’existence d’un lien entre déforestation, climat et productivité, et par un antagonisme de longue date envers la nature et les forêts. Ces enjeux sont examinés ici à l’échelle de la province ontarienne et par le biais d’une étude de cas du comté d’Essex

Private Property Deforestation and Regeneration and the Clerk of Forestry in Nineteenth-Century Ontario