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La persistance dans l'eau, en présence ou en absence de sédiment, la toxicité aiguë et les capacités de bioconcentration du lindane et de la deltaméthrine ont été étudiées dans des conditions de laboratoire. Les résultats obtenus, persistance relativement importante dans l'eau, désorption à partir du sédiment, toxicité aiguë modérée et capacités de bioconcentration non négligeable, laissent supposer que le risque écotoxicotogique lié au lindane est du domaine de la toxicité chronique et de la bioaccumulation le long des chaînes trophiques.En revanche, la très rapide disparition de la deltaméthrine introduite dans l'eau, sa très intense adsorption sur le sédiment et ses faibles capacités de bioconcentration laissent à penser que ce composé ne se bioaccumulera pas le long des chaînes alimentaires. Néanmoins, l'extrême toxicité de cette molécule et sa rapidité d'action vis-à-vis des organismes aquatiques, peut causer des dommages importants aux écosystèmes Humiques à la suite de traitements directs de ces biotopes.The persistence in water (in the presence or in the absence of sediment), the acute toxicity and the bioconcentration capacities of lindane and of deltamethrin were studies under laboratory conditions.There is a signifiant decrease in the persistence in water of bath insecticides, when there is sediment in water. Nevertheless, deltamethrin is much less persistent in water than lindane, both in the presence and in the absence of sediment.Studies of acute toxicity showed that the toxicity of deltamethrin is about 100 to 1 000 times greater than that of lindane. The five species studied were similarily sensitive to the two insecticides.Two methods of contamination were used in the bioconcentration studies (spot and flow through system contamination). Under both conditions and for all the species tested, the concentration factor of lindane was always greater than that of deltamethrin.Its relatively significant persistence in water, its desorption from sediment, its low acute toxicity and high bioconcentration capacities indicate that the ecotoxicological risk of lindane is mainly due to its chronic toxicity and biocaccumulation through trophic food chains.On the contrary, the rapid disappearance of deltamethrin from water, its high adsorption on sediment and its low bioconcentration capacities indicate that this molecule will not accumulate through trophic chains. Nevertheless, its extreme toxicity and rapidity of action may cause significant harm to limnic ecosystems alter direct treatment

Ecotoxicologie du lindane et de la deltaméthrine en milieu aquatique