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Twenty years ago, findings from the Adverse Childhood Experience study revealed that experiences of child maltreatment and family dysfunction were far more prevalent in the general population than previously known. It also drew attention to the impact of these experiences on later health, mental health and functional impairments in adulthood, which increased with each additional adverse childhood experience exposure (Felitti et al., 1998). Finkelhor and colleagues expanded the types of adverse events examined to include victimization experiences outside the home (Finkelhor, 2008; Finkelhor et al., 2011), and showed that, at levels past a certain threshold, these events increased posttraumatic stress symptoms and functional impairments, as well as risk of exposure to future victimization (Finkelhor et al., 2007). A relative consensus now exists among leading trauma experts that chronic, cumulative interpersonal maltreatment, neglect and/or violence occurring early in life can disrupt all aspects of normative development: cognitive, biological, neurological, emotional, relational and behavioral (Briere & Spinazzola, 2005; Cloitre et al., 2009; Courtois, 2008; van der Kolk et al., 2005). The term “complex trauma” refers to both the exposure to chronic, interpersonal experiences for children and youth, and the constellation of possible sequelae causing significant impairments across the lifespan (Cook et al., 2005). Despite recent enhancement of our social responses to child and youth trauma through research, practice and policy, misconceptions about trauma-informed practices continue to permeate mental health services and hinder true paradigm shifts from occurring (Sweeney & Taggart, 2018). Consequently, many children and youth presenting with complex trauma continue to suffer unnoticed, without receiving necessary resources and support. There is an urgent need to provide children and youth impacted by trauma in childhood with resources and support that are trauma-informed, resilienceand healing-centered and culturally relevant (Collin-Vézina, Brend, & Beeman, 2020). This thematic section intends to move this field forward by highlighting important practice and policy-driven scholarly work. It hopes to be a source of influence to learn, grow and contribute collectively to improve the wellbeing of children and youth impacted by trauma. As we readers of the International Journal of Child and Adolescent Resilience know, strengthening individual and community resilience, by unifying and enhancing social responses to trauma through research, practice and policy, is paramount to the wellbeing of children and youth.

Thematic section on child and youth complex trauma: Promoting social courage to shift practices, policies and research