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French Abstract: Cet article envisage le traitement de l’hypotheque mobiliere universelle en droit civil quebecois, en le comparant a celui reserve a ce type de surete en common law canadienne et en droit civil francais, sous l’angle de son objet et de la protection du debiteur. L’objectif de cette etude est double. Le premier objectif, d’ordre descriptif et explicatif, se situe sur le plan de la technique du droit et cherche a eclairer le regime juridique des suretes reelles a l’aune des objectifs de politique legislative. Il s’agit de montrer ici que l’hypotheque universelle etant consideree comme particulierement dangereuse pour le debiteur, la generalite de l’objet de l’hypotheque a ete encadree par le legislateur quebecois, qui a tente de prendre en compte les imperatifs economiques d’acces au credit, tout en protegeant le consommateur, qui est la partie reputee la plus faible dans la relation creancier-debiteur. Cela a abouti a un fragile equilibre entre les interets des parties en presence, se manifestant par des dispositions relativement techniques qu’il convient de decrypter. Le second objectif de cette etude, d’ordre prescriptif, se situe sur le plan du droit compare et de la politique legislative. Nous soutenons qu’il devrait exister une correlation entre l’objet de la surete et la protection du debiteur : plus l’objet de la surete est large plus la protection du debiteur devient essentielle. Cet article propose le droit quebecois comme modele possible de reglementation des suretes mobilieres universelles.English Abstract: This article considers the Quebec civil law’s treatment of the universal movable hypothec from the perspectives of its object and of debtor protection, and compares it to the treatment given to corresponding securities in Canadian common law and French civil law. The article’s objective is twofold. Its first goal is descriptive and explanatory, and is a question of legal practice. The article aims to clearly describe the legal regime that applies to real securities in light of underlying legislative policy objectives. Because debtors view universal hypothecs as particularly dangerous, the Quebec legislature saw fit that the hypothec’s object should itself be taken into consideration in light of economic imperatives and the availability of credit, while the legislature simultaneously sought to protect consumers, who are presumed to be the weaker party in the creditor–debtor relationship. The result strikes a delicate balance between the parties’ interests, giving rise to a relatively technical set of legal provisions, which it is helpful to decrypt. The second objective of this study is both prescriptive and is a question of comparative law and legislative policy. We argue that a correlation must be established between a security’s object and the protection of debtors: the greater a security’s object, the more debtor protection becomes essential. This article suggests that the law of Quebec can serve as a potential model when regulating universal movable securities.

L’HYPOTHÈQUE MOBILIÈRE UNIVERSELLE : ENTRE IMPÉRATIFS ÉCONOMIQUES ET PROTECTION DU DÉBITEUR