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Cette recension propose de synthétiser les apports croisés de la littérature en évaluation, en éducation et en psychologie du travail sur la question de l’évaluation des compétences professionnelles en formation. En effet, s’il s’agit d’une question nouvelle et d’actualité dans le champ de la formation, nous verrons que des auteurs ont proposé des définitions et des cadres pour modéliser des compétences, tandis que d’autres ont fait avancer la connaissance de l’activité des évaluateurs dans ces situations, ce qui permet d’en tirer certains enseignements. D’autres encore ont étudié les effets positifs mais aussi pervers de ces pratiques. Tout ceci constituera une revue de littérature qui pourra intéresser les praticiens, les enseignants et les formateurs professionnels désireux de connaître les avancées de la recherche sur ces questions.In this review of literature, we will see how the question of professional competencies’ evaluation has been developed in the literature in evaluation, in education and in psychology of work. It is indeed a new matter of concern in the field of education. We will see that authors have proposed definitions and frameworks to develop models of competencies, while others have gained knowledge on how evaluators evaluate competencies in real settings. Others have studied the positive but also the perverse effects of these practices. This review of literature may interest practitioners, teachers and professional trainers who are curious about research findings on these matters.Esta recensão propõe-se sintetizar, de uma forma cruzada, os contributos da literatura em avaliação, educação e psicologia do trabalho sobre a questão da avaliação das competências profissionais em formação. Com efeito, tratando-se de uma questão nova e actual no domínio da formação, uns autores propuseram definições e quadros para modelizar as competências, enquanto outros fizeram avançar o conhecimento da atividade dos avaliadores nestas situações, o que permite tirar algumas lições. Outros estudaram, ainda, os efeitos positivos, mas também perversos dessas práticas. Em suma, esta revisão de literatura poderá interessar aos profissionais, aos docentes e aos formadores profissionais que queiram conhecer os avanços na investigação sobre estas questões

L’évaluation des compétences professionnelles : apports croisés de la littérature en évaluation, en éducation et en psychologie du travail