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Sous le nom d'automation, la phase présente de l'évolution technologique sembleorienter l'humanité vers des modes graduellement « nouveaux » de vie et de travail. Lesincidences socio-économiques de la technologie sont nombreuses et sérieuses. Le problèmeposé par le rythme même de l'évolution technologique revêt déjà un certain caractèred'urgence chez nos voisins du Sud. L'auteur se propose de préparer le terrain pour ladiscussion de ces grandes questions par une étude sans prétention de certains aspectstechniques de l'automation: définition, types et description des développementsrécents.New words are often a good way to prepare a hearty fight about issues "Automation",as a word, is eight years old. As a fact, some say it is just another phase of good oldtechnological progress, and manage to trace its origins centuries away. Others maintain that"automation" is the second, or even the third "Industrial Revolution", that some of itscharacteristics are so dramatic as to leave man gasping for breath. On the one side,automation has been prepared by decades of research experimentation, and will not be in fullswing before other decades; so, better let things take care of themselves, or evenaccelerate the process, since only good things for mankind can come out of technological"progress". On the other side, there is a solid regard for the marvels of technology, and,it seems, a genuine belief in the overall goodness of its long-run effects: more jobopportunities, better products at lower prices for more people, and so on; but, as isquickly pointed out, "in the long run we are all dead", and no one has ever dared tell how"short" are the "short-run" effects, social, economic, psychological, and so on, of a givenphase of the technological evolution.But before the fight gains in heat and size, it may be useful to have a quick lookat what the fight is about, namely, the technical aspects of "automation' as it standstoday.AUTOMATION DEFINEDAutomation thus covers the increasing use, in both factories and offices, ofvarious types of labor-saving equipment having virtually continuous, and, in some instances,self-regulating operation.THREE TYPES OF AUTOMATIONAccording to Professors Shultz and Baldwin,1 three fundamentaldevelopments are the main ingredients of automation; the quotes in this section will referto their text, unless otherwise mentioned.Where is all this leading mankind, what will be the impact of automation on oursociety and our economy, what are its natural brakes and what others "should" be added tocontrol its growth, what will management, the unions, and government do about it, these,with dozens of others, are all valid questions. Good answers can be provided only on thebasis of a precise knowledge of the technical aspects of automation as it nowstands

Aspects techniques de l'automation