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The outbreak of the Second World War, with the emphasis on new weapons and defence technology, brought about dramatic changes in the role of the scientist in Britain, the United States, and Canada. In many ways, Canadian scientists were most affected by these changes. Now, through the National Research Council and various defence agencies, they were able to gain access to highly confidential scientific data through the medium of joint British and Canadian research projects. Equally important was the extent that the British connection made it possible for Canadian scientists to become involved in sophisticated American military projects. Canada was also indirectly affected by the complex negotiations between Britain, the United States and the USSR on applied science exchanges during World War II. In addition, there were a variety of bilateral arrangements between Canada and the Soviet Union which had important implications for the exchange of military technology. But even more important were the revelations in September 1945 that the Soviet Union had been operating an extensive espionage system in Canada which had obtained considerable “Top Secret” scientific military information. The subsequent report of the Royal Commission on Espionage had major national and international ramifications.L'éclatement du deuxième conflit mondial, avec son emphase sur les armes modernes et les nouvelles technologies de défense, amena des changements considérables dans le rôle des scientifiques en Grande-Bretagne, aux États-Unis et au Canada ― particulièrement pour les Canadiens. Désormais, par l'entremise du Conseil national de recherche et diverses agences de défense, ils purent avoir accès à des informations scientifiques hautement confidentielles dans le cadre de projets de recherche militaire menés conjointement par des Britannique et des Canadiens. Le Canada fut aussi indirectement affecté par les négociations complexes entre la Grande-Bretagne, les États-Unis et l'URSS sur les échanges en matière de sciences appliquées durant la deuxième guerre mondiale. De plus, plusieurs arrangements bilatéraux entre le Canada et l'Union Soviétique eurent de grands impacts sur l'échange de technologie militaire. Mais plus importantes encore furent les révélations en septembre 1945 à l'effet que les Soviétiques avaient exploité un système élaboré d'espionnage au Canada grâce auquel ils avaient obtenu beaucoup d'informations scientifiques militaires très secrètes. Le rapport subséquent de la Commission royale sur l'espionnage a eu un impact majeur sur le plan national et international

historical papers - canadian historical association/historical papers

Secrets Between Different Kinds of Friends: Canada’s Wartime Exchange of Scientific Military Information with the United States and the USSR, 1940‑1945