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Les jeunes Italiens ne quittent pas facilement leur famille, car elle leur offre a la fois protection, confort et liberté. S'ils partent pour former un couple, ils choisissent une relation stable, presque invariablement sanctionnée, tôt ou tard, par le mariage. Comme ils ne décident d'avoir des enfants qu'après avoir obtenu diplôme, emploi et logement convenable, l'apparition d'un « syndrome de l'ajournement » concentre les décisions de procréation dans une tranche d'âge qui s'amenuise. La cohabitation prolongée des jeunes adultes avec leurs parents et la limitation des naissances découlent logiquement de ce que l'on a appelé le « familisme italien », qui consiste à maximiser l'utilité de la famille, identifiée avec l'utilité individuelle. La faible fécondité était aussi bien adaptée à l'austérité des années 1990, car elle permettait aux familles de protéger leur niveau de vie. En outre, les transferts sociaux destinés aux jeunes Italiens sont parmi les plus, faibles en Europe. Il sera intéressant de voir si l'amélioration de la situation économique contribuera à renverser les tendances récentes.To define the Italian situation with a very short expression, we feel that "too much family and too few childrenn would be an apt characterization. The family is still a very strong institution; adult children do not move out of the family easily; if they move out, and have a partner, they opt for an unadventurous stable relationship sanctioned almost invariably by marriage; non-marital unions are, quite often, premarital unions; decisions to have children are made when the family is well established, which requires time; this time has increased lately, and a "postponement syndrome" has developed, squeezing reproductive decisions into a narrow age bracket. These mechanisms are consistent with what has been called Italian "familism", where most people try to maximize the utility of their family, in considering individual and family utilities as the same. In this sense, the prolonged presence of children in the family and the very limited patterns of childbearing fit quite well in a family-oriented strategy. For Italy, the 1990s have been a period of economic retrenchment, of strict fiscal policy, of containment of public spending and private consumption, and of slow growth. Public transfers for the young (for health, social assistance and particularly for education) are among the lowest in Europe. Low fertility has been an adaptation to this situation, enabling families to maintain their standard of living. The economic situation is now changing for the better, and it will be interesting to see if it will help to alter the "postponement syndrome" and reverse recent trends

Trop de famille et trop peu d’enfants : la fécondité en Italie depuis 1960