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Pediatric Oncall July September 2012. Volume 9 Issue 3 57 Introduction Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) without causing disease results in so-called latent TB infection (LTBI). (1) Diagnosis of LTBI is difficult and there is no gold standard test available. Diagnosis of TB in children is often based on circumstantial evidence such as clinical symptoms, imaging findings, tuberculin skin test (TST) and contact with a patient having tuberculosis as the disease is paucibacillary and specimen collection is difficult in this population. However, TST has its own fallacies as a false positive TST would reflect a past BCG vaccination or atypical mycobacterial infection whereas a false negative TST could occur due to malnutrition, young age, severe TB disease, HIV-related impaired cellular immunity, and other forms of immune suppression. (1) Recognition that interferon gamma plays a critical role in regulating cell mediated immune responses to MTB infection led to development of in-vitro Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) for detection of MTB infection. (2)

Role of Quantiferon Gold Test (Interferon gamma release assay) for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Children