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As part of the 1930s Carnegie Commission investigation into the poor white problem Murray collected data on three anthropometric indices (weight sitting height and chest circumference) from 1743 schoolchildren aged 9 - 15 years attending schools at various locations throughout the Cape province and the Transvaal. His final report tabulated average values for each of these measurements disaggregated by age sex socio-economic status and locality. To establish whether poverty was independently associated with significant differences in average weight sitting height and chest circumference the tabulated averages were converted from imperial to metric units and entered into three separate multivariate analyses of covariance. Poverty was not associated with significant differences in average weight but girls were found to be 20% heavier than boys at the average age of 12 years. The average sitting height and chest circumference of poor schoolchildren (i.e. those from poor and very poor homes) were significantly lower than measurements of children from families whose financial circumstances were described as good or fair. While sexual dimorphism in average sitting height was twice that associated with disparities in socioeconomic status the reverse was true for average chest circumference. (excerpt)

Historical precedents for socioeconomic disparities in growth among South African schoolchildren.