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Background  Poor awareness and knowledge of mother–to–child transmission (MTCT),that accounts for over 90% of new HIV infections among children, might contribute to the HIV epidemics. In Ethiopia, 898 400 children are orphaned due to HIV and AIDS and 200 300 were living with HIV in 2013. The main objective of this study was to examine the knowledge of MTCT of HIV, its prevention (PMTCT) and associated factors among Ethiopian women.    Methods  We conducted a cross–sectional analysis among 16 515 women from the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) 2011. Chi–square test, univarate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to examine the associations of socio–demographic variables with women’s correct knowledge of MTCT and PMTCT, assessed through five specific questions.    Findings  The overall correct knowledge of Ethiopian women about MTCT and PMTCT (correct answers to all the five questions) was very low (34.9%). In the multivariable analysis, residing in urban area (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.35–1.79;  P  < 0.001), having higher education (AOR = 3.25, 95% CI = 2.74–3.86;  P  < 0.001), belonging to higher wealth household (AOR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.57–2.18;  P  < 0.001), currently in union (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.12–1.39;  P  < 0.001), occupation (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.17–1.44;  P  < 0.001) and being exposed to mass media (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.41–1.70;  P  < 0.001) were strongly associated with women’s correct knowledge of MTCT and PMTCT.    Conclusion  Strategies to improve the knowledge of MTCT and PMTCT in Ethiopia should focus on rural women, emerging regions, the poor, illiterate and unemployed women. Efforts are also needed to involve religious leaders and related organization in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV.

Knowledge about mother–to–child transmission of HIV, its prevention and associated factors among Ethiopian women