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Peninsular Malaysia has traditionally been divided into three mineral belts, viz the Western Belt for tin, the Central Belt for gold and the Eastern Belt for both tin and gold. Although the Western Belt is accepted as the tin belt, close examination of geological maps and reports revealed that gold do occur in various places in this tin belt. In Johor and Negeri Sembilan gold has been mined and in Tapah-Bidor, Perak and Batu Cave, Selangor gold has been recovered as a byproduct in placer tin mining. Tin deposits are widespread in the Western belt, some in the Eastern Belt and absent in the Central Belt. A study of heavy mineral concentrates in the stream sediments in Tapah area in Perak was carried out to determine their distribution patterns. The heavy mineral concentrates were panned from the streams and studied under a binocular microscope. Bedrock geology is underlain by granite and metasediments. In Tapah area, fine gold flakes and cassiterite grains are common and variably observed in almost all heavy mineral concentrates collected. When their respective geochemical values were plotted on a map, gold and tin have dissimilar distribution patterns. Concentrates with gold flakes are confined to the metasedimentary areas, whereas cassiterite bearing concentrates are found both in the metasedimentary areas as well in the granite areas. This is because cassiterite veins originated from the granite bodies can cut across both the granite and the metasediment country rock. Cassiterite originates from late magmatic fluids and being carried by hydrothermal solution from the magma and deposited in veins regardless of the bedrock type. Gold on the other hand originates from the sedimentary rocks. It is being squeezed out from the metasedimentary rocks, dissolved by circulating hydrothermal fluids and deposited in the veins. Since it originates not from granitic fluid, it is found away from the granite.

Sources of gold and tin mineralization in the Western Belt of Peninsular Malaysia: Evidence from geochemical and heavy mineral studies