Grave reazione avversa a trattamento farmacologico antitubercolare

Despite intensified global efforts, the number of cases of tuberculosis worldwide is increasing. In patients treated with antimycobacterial agents, major adverse events are generally uncommon. Here we report a case of acute renal failure and immune hemolytic anemia in a patient receiving antitubercular therapy. Rifampicin-related renal toxicity is a well-defined clinical entity, probably with an underestimated incidence. It typically occurs after reintroduction of rifampicin in previously treated patients. Immune hemolytic anemia, liver injury and gastrointestinal symptoms are often associated, and their presence complicates the clinical appearance. If early recognized, renal prognosis is usually favorable. In patients with increased risk, clinical surveillance or alternative treatments may be appropriate.