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In the studies of runoff prediction, the V ariable Source Area (VSA) methods are be- coming increasingly more pronounced especially for the humid areas, such as the North-Eastern areas of India. Such methods of physically-distributed modelling system are greatly dependent on land surface characteristics (slope gradient, hydrological soil types and land use/ land cover patterns) that are stable spatially, and on the temporarily fluctuating pattern of precipitation intensity. Considering grid cells of 10 m*10 m size in a micro-areal watershed of 103 ha called Um-U-Lah that is situated in the extremely humid area of Cherrapunji, having an average slope varying from 4 to 30 percent, and with sandy-loam porous soils with grass land dominating veg- etal cover, the mapping of the saturated area adopting the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) was made to measure the location and extent of saturated areas, which contract and expand in proportion to the changes in intensity of effective rainfall. After calibrating the Curve-Number based VSA model at effective available soil storage of 5.88 mm (AMC-III Soil conditions) and at Initial Abstraction of 1.746 mm, the rainfall simulation were conducted. It is found that increas- ing depth of effective rainfall quickly expands the saturated areas over the flat lands of hill-tops and slopes in the watershed. At 8.25 mm of effective rainfall depth, about 85.03 percent areas of watershed becomes saturated directly contributing to runoff.

Prediction of runoff in the Um-U-Lah catchment of extremely humid area of Cheppapunji, India