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The actual state of research on natural aspects of history of prehistoric settlement in the periand meta-Carpathian zones based on investigations of important multilayer Palaeolithic sites is presented. Traces of Palaeolithic people stay, in the form of cultural layers, are found at sites representing three types of sedimentary environment, i.e. cave (Biśnik cave in the Częstochowa Upland, Obłazowa cave in the Podhale region), loess (Galich and Yezupil in the Galich Prydnistrov’ia region, Velykyj Glybochok in the Podil’ia region), and travertine (Hôrka-Ondrej and other sites in the Spiš region). Different geological methods were used in investigations of separate site types, and the obtained results are complementary and verify one another. Their comparison enables us to obtain multilevel picture of palaeoenvironmental changes. Correlation of deposit sections in these different types of sites is based on climatically controlled sequences of environmental changes. Chronostratigraphic extents of individual cultural units from selected sites and their correlation are based on oxygen-isotope stratigraphy. The extents are presented as continuous despite the fact that cultural layers represent mostly traces of short-lasting settlement. Investigations of Palaeolithic sites in the Podil’ia and Prydnistrov’ia regions proved that settlement existed from the penultimate interglacial to the end of the last glacial (MOIS 7-2). Materials from the Biśnik cave represent similar period but there are premises that Middle Palaeolithic settlement started earlier.

Environmental changes recorded in some important peri- and meta-Carpathian Palaeolithic sites and their chronostratigraphy