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Rationale  : Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) based upon bioorthogonal click chemistry has been investigated for the first time in the context of peritoneal carcinomatosis using a CEA-targeting 35A7 mAb bearing trans -cyclooctene (TCO) moieties and several 177 Lu-labeled tetrazine (Tz) radioligands. Starting from three Tz probes containing PEG linkers of varying lengths between the DOTA and Tz groups ( i.e . PEG n = 3, 7, or 11, respectively, for Tz- 1 , Tz- 2 , and Tz- 3 ), we selected [ 177 Lu]Lu-Tz -2 as the most appropriate for pretargeted SPECT imaging and demonstrated its efficacy in tumor growth control.  Methods:  An orthotopic model of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) was obtained following the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of A431-CEA-Luc cells in nude mice. Tumor growth was assessed using bioluminescence imaging. Anti-CEA 35A7 mAb was grafted with 2-3 TCO per immunoglobulin. Pretargeted SPECT imaging and biodistribution experiments were performed to quantify the activity concentrations of [ 177 Lu]Lu-Tz- 1-3 in tumors and non-target organs to determine the optimal Tz probe for the PRIT of PC.  Results:  The pharmacokinetic profiles of [ 177 Lu]Lu-Tz- 1-3 alone were determined using both SPECT imaging and biodistribution experiments. These data revealed that [ 177 Lu]Lu-Tz- 1 was cleared via both the renal and hepatic systems , while [ 177 Lu]Lu-Tz- 2 and [ 177 Lu]Lu-Tz- 3 were predominantly excreted via the renal system. In addition, these results illuminated that the longer the PEG linker, the more rapidly the Tz radioligand was cleared from the peritoneal cavity. The absorbed radiation dose corresponding to pretargeting with 35A7-TCO followed 24 h later by [ 177 Lu]Lu-Tz- 1-4 was higher for tumors following the administration of [ 177 Lu]Lu-Tz- 2 ( i.e . 0.59 Gy/MBq) compared to either [ 177 Lu]Lu-Tz- 1 ( i.e . 0.25 Gy/MBq) and [ 177 Lu]Lu-Tz- 3 ( i.e . 0.18 Gy/MBq). In a longitudinal PRIT study, we showed that the i.p. injection of 40 MBq of [ 177 Lu]Lu-Tz- 2 24 hours after the systemic administration of 35A7-TCO significantly slowed tumor growth compared to control mice receiving only saline or 40 MBq of [ 177 Lu]Lu-Tz- 2 alone. Ex vivo measurement of the peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) confirmed that PRIT significantly reduced tumor growth (PCI = 15.5 ± 2.3 after PRIT vs 30.0 ± 2.3 and 30.8 ± 1.4 for the NaCl and [ 177 Lu]Lu-Tz- 2 alone groups, respectively).  Conclusion  : Our results clearly demonstrate the impact of the length of PEG linkers upon the biodistribution profiles of 177 Lu-labeled Tz radioligands. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time the possibility of using bioorthogonal chemistry for both the pretargeted SPECT and PRIT of peritoneal carcinomatosis.

theranostics

Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy and SPECT imaging of peritoneal carcinomatosis using bioorthogonal click chemistry: probe selection and first proof-of-concept