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Through its website, the NARO Genebank (former NIAS Genebank) has been providing to the scientific community and general public different types of information regarding genetic resources including passport, characterization, evaluation and photographic data, in order to facilitate access to their conserved genetic resource records. However, the website currently lacks information on farming culture associated with the genetic resources at collection sites, as most of its currently accessible photographs are captured from experimental fields or laboratories. In contrast, photographs of in situ conditions taken in the fields of farmers during the exploration of plant genetic resources capture both biological and cultural information, such as crop morphology, geographical and habitat ecological conditions, farming implementations, ethnic costumes, people’s lifestyles, cooking procedures, and other information. Unfortunately, most of these photographs are being hoarded and will likely never be accessible by the public. In order to disclose a large number of in situ photographs, we have developed a new web-retrievable database called the “Agricultural Field Study Database,” in which photographs are searchable with keyword tags and computational image similarity that allow the user to browse and retrieve them, along with map data and relevant genetic resources information. This system will expand the information currently provided by the NARO Genebank with ethnobotanical information, thereby granting useful resources to a wider range of research fields, particularly disciplines related to anthropology and ethnobotany. Discipline: Information technology Additional key words: farming culture, genetic resources, web-based retrieval system This work was supported by KAKENHI Grant Number 24405049. *Corresponding author e-mail: katu@affrc.go.jp Received 16 November 2015; accepted 10 March 2016. Introduction The NARO Genebank, which was changed designation from the NIAS Genebank in April 2016, is the central coordinating project in Japan for the conservation of plants, microorganisms, animals, and DNA materials related to agriculture. It provides various information on genetic resources including passport, characterization, and evaluation data via its web retrieval database (Takeya et al. 2013a) to facilitate user access to conserved genetic resources. A large number of photographs are also available on its website, although most show close-ups of seeds and plants in a full length composition as taken in experiment fields or laboratories, while very few were taken showing in situ conditions in the fields of farmers, given the primary nationwide responsibility of the NARO Genebank to focus on ex situ conservation of genetic resources as breeding and research materials for agricultural development. However, it should be noted that ex situ conservation removes traditional cultivars from their original context (Jarvis 2000). On the other hand, this project has been dispatching several overseas exploration teams annually for collecting genetic resources (Okuno et al. 2005). Exploration for collecting plant materials from on-farm and in situ conditions is one of the important first steps for introducing genetic resources into gene banks. Agriculture not only produces

Development of an Agricultural Field Study Database: For sharing multidisciplinary information on <i>in situ</i> photographs