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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of whole crop rice silage (WCRS) feeding on the lipid stability of beef and fat depot-specific adipokine gene expression patterns in Wagyu cattle. Wagyu steers were fed a control diet (CT, n=4) or a high-vitamin diet containing WCRS (HV, n=4) from 10 to 30 months of age. The α-tocopherol concentration of the longissimus muscle was significantly higher in the HV group than in the CT group. The percentage of metmyoglobin in the longissimus muscle was significantly lower in the HV group than in the CT group. The 2-Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance values of the longissimus muscle were also significantly lower in the HV group than in the CT group. The plasma 8-isoprostane concentration, which is a biomarker of oxidative stress, was significantly lower in the HV group than in the CT group. The expression of adipokine genes (VEGF, FGF-2, and leptin) in mesenteric adipose tissue was significantly lower in the HV group than in the CT group. These results suggest that feeding beef cattle on WCRS improves both the quality of meat and the oxidative stress status. Discipline: Animal industry Additional key words: α-tocopherol, adipocyte *Corresponding author: e-mail toyamada@affrc.go.jp Received 5 January 2016; accepted 11 April 2016. Introduction Increasing the production of self-supplied feed to secure food supply capability is an important political issue in Japan. Recently, whole crop rice silage (WCRS) has been regarded as an important source of self-supplied feed in Japan. In 2015, the yield of WCRS in Japan was estimated to have reached an all-time high, due to increased cropping acreage. The forage characteristics of WCRS have been investigated. The silicic acid content of WCRS tends to be higher than that in grass hay, while the crude ash of WCRS accounts for about 13% (NARO 2009). WCRS at the yellow ripe stage contained about 6-7% crude protein (CP), which is similar to that of whole crop barley silage (NARO 2009, Yamada et al. 2015). The percentage of total digestible nutrients (TDN) of WCRS at the yellow ripe stage is about 55% (NARO 2009). In particular, WCRS characteristically contains a high amount of α-tocopherol (NARO 2008). A liposoluble vitamin, α-tocopherol is also a potent antioxidant. WCRS at the yellow ripe stage contains about 150 mg/kg of α-tocopherol (Yamada et al. 2012). Dietary supplementation with α-tocopherol acetate has been shown to suppress lipid oxidation and improve the meat quality of beef cattle (Arnold et al. 1993, Faustman et al. 1998). Therefore, feeding WCRS to fattening cattle may improve meat quality by increasing the α-tocopherol concentration within skeletal muscles; however, the effects of WCRS on the meat quality of beef cattle still remain unclear. Obesity is characterized by increased oxidative stress with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue (Araki et al. 2010). Adipocyte secretes a large number of adipokines, the secretary patterns of which are affected by the state of obesity (Funahashi et al. 1999). However, the effects of dietary α-tocopherol on the expression of adipokine genes in fattening cattle have not been investigated. In this review, we focus on the effects of WCRS on meat quality and adipokine gene expression in Wagyu fattening cattle.

Effects of Whole Crop Rice Silage on Meat Quality and Adipokine Gene Expression in Fattening <i>Wagyu</i> Cattle