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We investigated the environmental effects of gas regulation practices using nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) for nitrification promotion in practical-scale manure composting experiments. With several tons of swine manure piled in parallel chambers, we determined the effects of adding NOB to matured swine manure by conducting two runs of composting trials. Both the control pile (without NOB) and the experimental pile (with NOB) were stored in composting chambers under continuous ventilation, and composting entailed several turnings in following the general swine farming procedure. During all periods of composting, the concentrations of greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH3), ventilation rate, and temperature were measured every hour. We found that the addition of NOB significantly increased both the nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) content of compost products. However, environmental gas regulations were not met in the two runs. The addition of NOB effectively reduced N2O under oxidation facultative conditions (Run 1), but N2O increased in the passive-type compost under cool temperature conditions (Run 2). N2O emissions were found to largely depend on the manure composting conditions. Discipline: Animal Industry Additional key words: ammonia, greenhouse gas, nitrate nitrogen content, swine, composting *Corresponding author: e-mail osada@affrc.go.jp Received 29 September 2015; accepted 18 January 2016. Introduction In 2012, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the manure management sector in Japan reached an annual total of 5,833,000 tons, accounting for 26% of the total annual emissions from the agricultural sector (National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Japan 2014). Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from manure management in particular are a key target of the GHG reduction policy. N2O is a powerful GHG calculated to have 298 times the global warming potential of CO2 over a 100-year period (IPCC Fourth Assessment Report 2007). In addition, the nitric oxide (NO) produced from N2O destroys the ozone layer in the stratosphere through a series of reactions (Crutzen 1981). N2O is an intermediate product generated as a by-product of nitrification and denitrification during the composting process. The emission procedure of N2O from manure compost is not yet fully understood, and those emission patterns depend on livestock and management processes. N2O emissions from swine manure composting primarily occur under moderate temperature conditions after organic compounds have been destructed oxidatively in the piled manure mixture (Fukumoto and Inubushi 2009). In swine manure composting, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) are involved in the nitrification process. Fukumoto et al. (2006) reported success in regulating N2O emissions during composting at laboratory-scale facilities by harmonizing these related bacterial populations. They showed that the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) accumulated and N2O emissions generated during manure composting could be controlled by the addition of NOB, and using such as mature compost. Based on this information, we evaluated this N2O reduction technique during the swine manure composting process in practical-scale experiments. Ammonia (NH3)

Regulation Trial of Nitrous Oxide Emissions Caused by Composting Swine Manure with Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria Added for Nitrification Promotion