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OBJECTIVE:  The folate pathway is involved in hepatic carcinogenesis and angiogenesis. Polymorphisms in genes related to such processes, including methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF )] may play an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of this study was to evaluate  MTHFR  and  VEGF  polymorphisms in Brazilian patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC.    METHODS:  A total of 119 patients diagnosed with confirmed HCC and HCV were included in the study. SNP genotyping assays were performed using real-time PCR. VEGFA (rs2010963, rs3025039, and rs833061) and MTHFRC677T (rs1801133, rs1801131) polymorphisms were evaluated.    RESULTS:  The C alleles of  MTHFR  (rs1801131) and  VEGF  (rs2010963) were associated with protection against the development of multinodular HCC, while the T allele of  MTHFR  (rs1801133) was associated with a higher risk of multinodular presentation [ p =0.04 OR 1.835 CI (1.022-3.297)]. Multivariate analysis revealed that the GG/GC genotypes of  VEGF  rs2010963 were independently associated with multinodular tumors at diagnosis ( p =0.013; OR 4.78 CI (1.38-16.67)].    CONCLUSION:  Our results suggest that these polymorphisms may increase the risk of rapid tumor progression in patients with HCV infection. This subgroup of patients with HCC and who present polymorphism is more likely to be diagnosed with multinodular disease and not be amenable to receiving curative treatments. These data must be validated in larger cohorts, and the screening intervals can be customized based on genetic history.

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Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) polymorphisms in Brazilian patients with Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)