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espanolDesde 1861 a 1870 mas de 7.000 hombres llegaron procedentes de toda Europa, incluso de mas alio del Atlantico, para unirse voluntariamente al ejercito papal y defender la Santo Sede contra la amenaza del nacionalismo italiano. ?Quienes fueron estos hombres y que les empujo o abandonar sus vidas cotidianas para tomar los armas en defensa del Popa?, ?fueron mercenarios al servicio de una causo perdida o combatientes idealistas y heroicos listos para sacrificarse por lo Iglesia, tal y como los vieron sus contemporaneos en visiones contradictorias? A partir de cartas, diarios, memorias y diferentes fuentes de archivo, este articulo analizo las motivaciones y la experiencia de los zuavos pontificios. catalaDes de 1861 a 1870, mes de 7.000 homes van venir d'arreu d'Europa i fins i tot de mes enlla de I' Atlantic per unir-se a l’ exercit papal i defensar la Santa Seu davant l'amenaca del nacionalisme italia. Qui eren aquests homes i que els va fer abandonar les seves vides ordinaries per prendre les armes en defensa del Papa? Van ser mercenaris al servei d'una causa perduda o combatents idealistes i heroics preparats per sacrificar-se per l'Esglesia, tal i com van ser vistos pels seus contemporanis en visions enfrontades? Mitjancant cartes, diaris i memories, aixi com diferents Fonts arxivistiques, aquest article investiga les motivacions i l'experiencia deis zuaves pontificis. EnglishFrom 1861 to 1870, more than 7,000 men carne from all over Europe and even from beyond the Atlantic to voluntarily join the Papal army and defend the Holy See against the threat of Italian nationalism. Who were these men and what drove them to abandon their ordinary lives to take up arms in the defense of the Pope? Were they mercenaries in the service of a lost cause or idealistic and heroic combatants ready to sacrifice themselves for the Church, as their contemporaries saw them in contradictory views? Based on letters, journals, memoirs and various archival sources, this paper investigates the motivations and the experience of the Pontifical Zouaves.

Mercenaries or soldiers of the faith? The Pontifical Zouaves in the defense of the Roman Church (1860-1870)