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Measurements are used to determine the values of hundreds of important quantities in the electronics industry. Representative quantities are the widths of the interconnections within semiconductor integrated circuits, the attenuation of lightwaves in optical fibers, and the signal power from microwave satellite antennas. Measurement capability is a fundamental tool used to build the nation’s high-technology products. As such, it is part of the national infrastructure for the realization of these products. Measurement capability is critical to research and development, manufacturing, marketplace entry, and after-sales support of products. Thus, measurement capability affects the performance, quality, reliability, and cost of products. The result of this pervasive impact is that the level of U.S. measurement capability places an upper limit on the competitiveness of U.S. products. At present, U.S. industry is experiencing a major shortfall in the measurement capability needed for competitiveness in electronic products. This document identifies the measurement needs that are most critical to U.S. competitiveness, that would have the highest economic impact if met, and that are the most difficult for the broad range of individual companies to address. The measurement needs are reviewed for nine important fields of electronics, including semiconductors, magnetics, superconductors, microwaves, lasers, optical-fiber communications, optical-fiber sensors, video, and electromagnetic compatibility. These fields of electronics underlie more than $300 billion of electronic and electrical products manufactured in the U.S. each

Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory technical process bulletin covering laboratory programs, January to March 1991, with 1991 EEEL events calendar