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Scveral numerical examples are presented to show thc prcdominant features of radio wave propagation over an inhomogeneous earth . These are based on the tllCories d erived previously [Furutsu, 1957a, 1957b, 1959, 1963] in which the h eight and also the elect rical properties of the earth 's surface were assumed to change disco ntinuously several times along the wave path; thus, t he terrain represented could include ridges, cliffs, blufJ"s at a coastli ne, ete. Th e theory is briefly reviewed, and num erical results are presented for the spherical earth approximation and are compared to those for t he flat eart ll approximation. For a pe rfectly conducting flat earth , there a re well-known formu las available in t erms of t he Fresnel integral, and the spherical earth results are compared to those obtained using these formulas to show the agreement at short distances. A few interesting phenomena are also illustrated, such as the obstacle gain d uc to a ridge on a lossy ground and the variation of fi eld strength causcd by a change of receiver (or transmitter) height when the wave is propagated over a mixed path. Finally, set s of graphs are a lso includC'cl to aid in evaluating the effects of a ridge or a cliff on a homogeneous earth ; they can be used when the propagation distances are suffic iently large 011 each sid e of t he rid ge or clifr.

Some numerical results based on the theory of radio wave propagation over inhomogeneous earth