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This p aper describes propert ies of sporad ic-E scatter and F-layer scaLtcr observed ove r t he Okinawa-to-Tokyo path ( 1480 kilometers) and the Philippines-to-To kyo path (2850 kilomet ers) operating at frequ encies of about 50 megacy cles per second. Spora dic-E scatter is often obser ved on t he Okin awa signal in t he e \'cn ing homs and has t he closest correlation (0.94 in correlation ratio) wi t h the occurrence of sporadic E chara cterized by the descriptive symbol " M" of a ll ionospheric factors. Beari ng of t he Es sca tter shows a regular diurn al va riation simila r to t hat of t he normal E -layer scatter. F-layer scatter ge nerally appears on t he Philippine signal in aut umn when t he F -IavC' l' at t he path midpoint displays an a nom aly denoted by t he symbol " R " o r "8" having a top frequency of higher t han J4 megacycles pel' second. A pulse test ex hibited a patLel'll of m ultipat ll s ignals extending over more t ha n 1 mill isecond . Bearing of t llC P-layer scatter an even ing phenomenon, gradua lly deviates \yestwards from the great-circle path \y it h th~ lapse of t ime.

Observation of F-layer and sporadic-E scatter at VHF in the Far East