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Multiple-choice item is wildly used in psychological and educational test. The present study investigated that if a multiple-choice item have an advantage than a dichotomous item on ability evaluation.An item response model,nested logitmodel (NLM),was used to fit the multiple-choice data. Both simulation study and empirical study indicated that the accuracy and the stability of ability estimation were enhanced by using multiple-choice model rather than dichotomous model, because more information was included in multiple-choice items’ distractors. But the accuracy of ability parameter estimation showed little differences in 4-choice items, 5-choice items and 6-choice items. Moreover, NLM could extract more information from low-level respondents than from high-level ones, because they hadmore distractor chosen behaviors. Furthermore, respondents at different trait levels would be attracted by different distractors in an empirical study of a Chinese Vocabulary Test for Grade 1 by using the changing traces of distractor probabilities calculated from NLM. It is suggested that the responses of students at different levelsmight reflect the students’ vocabulary development process.

An investigation of enhancement of ability evaluation by using a nested logit model for multiple-choice items