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In vascular access intervention therapy (VAIVT), carbon dioxide is used as negative contrast medium for patients with iodine allergy or for those who have vascular access but not started with dialysis yet and have not endangered their remaining kidney function. To capture the movement of jet-injected carbon dioxide during the carbon dioxide angiography, we performed imaging at a rate of 15 frames per second. This method has a higher level of radiation exposure than angiography using an iodine contrast medium. Therefore we developed a catheter with 20 helical side holes in the tip (carbon dioxide angiography catheter), which allows large numbers of tiny bubbles to be generated simultaneously. In our study, we evaluate whether the use of this catheter can reduce the number of frames taken per second thus reducing the radiation exposure. A comparative experiment with existing angiography catheters with no side holes suggested that the use of this carbon dioxide angiography catheter to be useful for reducing the radiation exposure to patients and operators. Moreover, angiography using this catheter is highly useful from viewpoint of improving the stenotic vesselvisibility and reducing the side effects of using carbon dioxide, and we expect that the carbon dioxide angiography method is effective for patients and operators.

Study on Reduction of Radiation Exposure by Using Carbon Dioxide Angiography Catheter in Vascular Access Intervention Therapy(VAIVT)