English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The study examined the effect of globalization on the growth of civil society organizations in Nigeria. It equally evaluated the effect of globalization on the development of Nigerian business environment. The population consists of 562 members of Ohanaeze Ndigbo civil society organizations in Enugu State. The study used the survey approach. The primary sources used were used to administer 290 copies of questionnaire to the sampled members of the group, 282 were returned and accurately filled. The validity of the instrument was tested using content analysis and the result was good. The reliability was tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). It gave a reliability co-efficient of 0.79 which was also good. The hypotheses were analyzed using f-statistics (ANOVA) tool. The findings indicated that that globalization has significant effect on the growth of civil society organizations in Nigeria and development of Nigerian business environment. Based on the findings, the study recommends that efforts should be directed at service delivery and the reduction of corruption to bring about a sustainable socio economic development in Nigeria. This will enable civil society groups to stand the test of time by organizing itself in a manner that will not make them apron or dependent on the government. There is the dire need for government at all levels to show and indeed demonstrate the political will and zeal to cope and meet with the current global realities in its totality. Keyword: Globalization, Civil Society, Business Environment, people integration Introduction Background of the Study Globalization is the process of interaction and integration between people, companies, and governments worldwide. Globalization has grown due to advances in transportation and International Journal of Academic Research economics and management sciences Vol. 8 , No. 1, 2019, E-ISSN: 2 226 -3624 © 2019 HRMARS 3 communication technology. With increased global interactions comes the growth of international trade, ideas, and culture. Globalization is primarily an economic process of interaction and integration that's associated with social and cultural aspects. However, conflicts and diplomacy are also large parts of the history of globalization, and modern globalization (Abdulraham, 2013). Abutudu, (2000) opined that a vibrant civil society is sine qua non to the sustenance of any nation's development. Studies have shown that the role of civil society groups is vital in the political, social and economic development of African countries, this role can be view from three dimensions. First, improving the quality of governance; second, developing the capacity of governments to apply the principles of accountability, transparency and openness; third, working towards gaining the commitment of all elected officials, public servants, and NGOs to good governance. In view of this, one can infer that, CSO's have, contributed immensely to democratic consolidation and sustainable development in Nigeria. In fact, the responsibility of ensuring sustainable development rest on the shoulder of CSOs. This is because; they are the agents of development in any nation. They serve as the internal correctional mechanism to check and balance the activities of government to avoid wasteful spending, misappropriation and embezzlement of funds and help determine or prioritise the needs of the people. CSOs more often than not champion dissenting views with government officials on a particular issue at a point in time. Political executives premise this on the fact that they derived their policy option and direction largely, from the cooperation and collaboration among certain key stakeholders as against caucus decision-making and public policy process (Abutudu, 2000). Be that as it may, political and development analysts have rightly come to give great prominence to the activities of CSOs. One must note that the collaboration and participation of the civil society is frequently a crucial factor in the successful implementation of development initiatives. This point is premised on the view that CSOs are typically closer than most government actors are to the grassroots of the community, with consequent advantages both in the ability to mobilize at the levels governments may find difficult to reach and in the sensitivity to grassroots needs that may be vital to the achievement of development objectives (Adedeji, 2016). This can be seen from the activities of CSOs on the input side of large-scale initiatives, in consultations and forums at all levels, and also in the effective pursuit of goals such as achieving targets for representation, promoting regional integration and international cooperation, and maintaining or restoring respect for human rights in Nigeria. It is on this ground, that this paper aims to analyse the impact of the roles of CSOs in promoting, maintaining and consolidating socioeconomic and political development in Nigeria (Adedeji, 2016). Though many scholars place the origins of globalization in modern times, others trace its history long before the EuropeanAge of Discovery and voyages to the New World, some even to the third millennium BC. Large-scale globalization began in the 1820s. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, the connectivity of the world's economies and cultures grew very quickly. The term globalization is recent, only establishing its current meaning in the 1970s. In 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalization: trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people, and the dissemination of knowledge. Further, environmental challenges such as global International Journal of Academic Research economics and management sciences Vol. 8 , No. 1, 2019, E-ISSN: 2 226 -3624 © 2019 HRMARS 4 warming, cross-boundary water,air pollution, and over-fishing of the ocean are linked with globalization. Globalizing processes affect and are affected by business and work organization, economics, socio-cultural resources, and the natural environment. Academic literature commonly subdivides globalization into three major areas: economic globalization, cultural globalization, and political globalization. Adewuyi, (2012) is of the view that globalization represents the global integration of international trade, investment, information technology and cultures. Government policies designed to open economies domestically and internationally to boost development in poorer countries and raise standards of living for their people are what drive globalization. However, these policies have created an international free market that has mainly benefited multinational corporations in the Western world to the detriment of smaller businesses, cultures and common people. Through globalization, corporations can gain a competitive advantage from lower operating costs, and access to new raw materials and additional markets. In addition, multinational corporations can manufacture, buy and sell goods worldwide. For example, a Japan-based car manufacturer can manufacture auto parts in several developing countries, ship the parts to another country for assembly and sell the finished cars to any nation (Adewuyi, 2012). Globalization is not a new concept. In ancient times, traders traveled vast distances to buy rare commodities such as salt, spices and gold, which they would then sell in their home countries. The 19th century Industrial Revolution brought advances in communication and transportation that have removed borders and increased cross-border trade. In the last few decades, globalization has occurred at an unprecedented pace. Public policy and technology are the two main driving factors behind the current globalization boom. Over the past 20 years, governments worldwide have integrated a free market economic system through fiscal policies and trade agreements. This evolution of economic systems has increased industrialization and financial opportunities abroad. Governments now focus on removing barriers to trade and promoting international commerce (Ajayi, 2012). Statement of Problem In spite of the global changes, many third world writers on globalization have argued that there is little to celebrate about the phenomenon. Thus Julius Ihonvbere poignantly argues that: Globalization offers Africa the opportunity to be fully integrated into the emerging global capitalist order to exploit the developments in science and technology, the new information revolution, and the expansion of the global market. Such integration allows opportunities for trade investment, foreign aid and support for development objectives. But in spite these apparent benefits, the challenges in the world system hold the possibilities for further marginalism. The constraining legacies of colonial and neo colonial exploitation, foreign domination, conditions of poverty make participation in the global order impossible. Viewed from the foregoing, third world countries, including Nigeria that are still suffering from infrastructural decay, grinding conditions of poverty, weak institutions cannot actively and effectively participate in the global order. In point of fact, as the world economy becomes more integrateda new reality constraints nation states. The current situation in developing countries, whereby they export largely primary commodities such as crude oil and cocoa, make it impossible to gain from the trade driven by International Journal of Academic Research economics and management sciences Vol. 8 , No. 1, 2019, E-ISSN: 2 226 -3624 © 2019 HRMARS 5 American globalization. This is because, such commodities are often characterised by unfavourable laws. It is against this backdrop that the researcher aims at evaluating globalization and civil society organization of Nigeria: The business community. Objectives of the Study The broad objective of this seminar paper is to evaluate globalization and

Effect of Globalization on the Development of Civil Society Organization in Nigeria