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The research model investigated the effect of lecturers’ competencies on students’ satisfaction and programme fees through a formative analysis. Notably, the research model included four keys of lecturers’ competencies dimensions which are knowledge and credential (Knowledge), pedagogy knowledge and skill (Pedagogy), industrial experience and motivation. The analysis is based on a sample of 386 active students of bachelor’s degree onward from eight different Malaysia public and private higher education institutions. The data was collected through a questionnaire survey and analysed using AMOS Software, SPSS and PROCESS by Andrew F. Hayes. The main findings suggested that only knowledge, industrial experience and motivation have positive effects on students’ satisfaction. However, the multi-group analysis showed that only industrial experience and motivation are a significant variable for a private institution. Nonetheless, there is no direct significant relationship between lecturers’ competencies variables on programme fees. Somehow, programme fees proved to have a significant effect on student satisfaction. Yet surprisingly, the programme fees do not have a mediating effect between lecturers’ competencies and students’ satisfaction compared to a normal commercial transaction.

international journal of academic research in business and social sciences

Does Program fees Affect the Relationship between Lecturers’ Competencies and Student’ Satisfaction in the Digital Era? A Case of Malaysia Higher Education