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Medical and health takaful is the protection given to cover the cost of private medical treatment including the hospitalization, surgery, and treatment, diagnosed with certain illnesses or are involved in an accident. The purpose of this research is to identify and determine the demand for Medical Health Insurance and Takaful in Malaysia. Researchers want to identify the factors that Effect Medical Health Insurance and Takaful demand in Malaysia. The researcher wants to find what Effect Medical Health Insurance and Takaful among the public. In this research, the researcher used 55 articles from the year 2007 until 2017 that related to the effect of Medical Health Insurance and Takaful using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) approach. 84% of the articles used a quantitative method where the rest using the qualitative method to collect the data. The researcher found that 14 of the article were stating about the factor that Effects the Medical Health Insurance and Takaful demand. The expected finding was classified into percentage based on the result of the article where a demographic factor is 42%, education factor 21% and price (income) factor 37%. To improve the research findings, this study uses random-effect model to provide the forest plot result and it was found the demographic (gender and age), education and price are highly significant associated with the Medical Health Insurance and Takaful. Therefore, it is essential to increase the public awareness about the importance of having Medical Health Insurance and Takaful. Keyword: Medical and Health Insurance, Health Takaful, Demand, Malaysia, PRISMA, Meta-Analysis Introduction The improvement of Takaful industry in Malaysia additionally joining the Islamic bank operation which was form in the year 1983. Takaful is demonstrated as the answer to the issue life insurance International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 9 , No. 1, Jan, 2019, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2019 HRMARS 1268 prohibited by the Malaysian National Fatwa Community. The people group issued an announcement about the live coverage that it is as a void contract due to the presence of the components of Riba' (usury), Maisir (Gambling), Gharar (vulnerability). The legislature of Malaysia builds up a Special Task Force in 1982 to observe the command to set up an Islamic-based insurance agency. Based on statistics from the World Health Organization (2013), total expenditure for per capita healthcare in Malaysia has increased by USD 99.2 from USD 283.6 in 2009 to USD 382.8 in 2011 (Afthanorhan, Awang, & Fazella, 2017b). However, the percentage the amount of expenditure on healthcare in the public health system has experienced a decrease of 3.8%, from 59% in 2009 to 55.2% in the year 2011. In contrast, the percentage of total expenditure on healthcare in the health system private sector is on the rise, which is up 3.8% from 41% in the year 2009 to 44.8% in 2011. This shows that society is growing depending on the personal health system compared to the public health system. One of the reasons why this is happening is the public health system requires longer waiting periods for receiving treatment. This modern society is very concerned with healthcare and realizes that the opportunity to return to health is higher if you receive treatment as soon as possible as possible, the probability of death can be reduced. Senior Consultant Pediatric, Hematologist and Pediatric Oncology, Dr. Hishamshah Mohd Ibrahim said that as early as cancer patients receive treatment, the higher the chances of recovery (Zaitie, 2013; Awang et al., 2015). For example, a chance to recover for cancerous cancer at stage 1 treated is between 90% and 95% while the opportunity to cure for the patient's cancer breast in the four stages treated is only 15% (Kurniawati 2011). Hence, many people will choose the private health system to seek the best possible treatment although the cost of private health spending is more expensive. Expensive medical costs it would definitely be a burden on society, especially for the lower income group and simple. This situation will be worse when the Ministry of Health has been allowing increased private healthcare medical expenses by 14.4% on lately (Azura, 2014; Afthanorhan, Awang, & Fazella, 2017a). In order to reduce the burden to finance medical expenses, society can buy medical and health insurance to guarantee medical expenses. They can be financed by medical and health insurance in the future. The research intends to identify the level of consumer demand for ownership insurance medical and health. In addition, the factors that drive consumer demand to buy medical and health insurance will also be reviewed. Literature Review The concept of insurance in preparation for an uncertain future goes well with a saying of "Dig the well before you are thirsty." An imbalance of life and challenges to the problem health causes that are individuals need to make early preparation for to ensure them take the opportunity to acquired best health services. There are still some Malaysian who is still not aware that medical and health insurance is a policy that covers the cost of private medical care that may be expensive such as hospitalization and surgical costs. Through the Medical Health Insurance and Takaful, the burden of the cost of treatment and other medical expenses due to disability and chronic illness will be transferred to the insurance and takaful company or also known as an insurer (Htay, Sadzali, & Amin, 2014). Communities need to understand that there are several factors that cause Medical Health Insurance and Takaful as important today. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 9 , No. 1, Jan, 2019, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2019 HRMARS 1269 First, health care costs are increasingly expensive and these costs include the cost of consulting doctors, nurses, medicines, medical equipment, and buildings. Medical costs will continue to increase in the future due to inflation. Second, the number of cases of chronic diseases in Malaysia is high. Although medical technology is progressing, the number of sufferers for chronic diseases has also increased (Husniyah, Norhasmah, & Amim, 2017). This research paper is focusing on the factors Effecting the demand for Medical Health Insurance and Takaful among the public in Malaysia. Based on the searching in the academic database using a journal, the researcher list all factors that Effect the demand for Medical Health Insurance and Takaful among the public in Malaysia. The researcher collected all information and fact of the selected journal. They are several factors that Effect the demand for Medical Health Insurance and Takaful among the public in Malaysia. The demography factors influence the demand for Medical Health Insurance and Takaful among the public. Emamgholipour (2016) highlighted that the demography factor such as the age, gender, income, and education level have a positive relationship with the demand for Medical Health Insurance and Takaful. According to Deloitte (2011), non-buyer respondent stated that they haven't purchased the coverage because they have not understood well about the need for life insurance. In accordance to UIbinate, Kucinkiene, & Moullec (2013), the researcher found that there is a positive relationship between social influence and health life insurance demand. Peer effect, family, insurance agent is part of social influence. The price also can be a determining factor of demand for Medical Health Insurance and Takaful among the public. The high price of insurance and even the premium will decrease the demands of Medical Health Insurance and Takaful. Emamgholipour (2016) analyzed the data from the 2013 Household Income and Expenditure Survey of the Statistical Center of Iran (SCI). The research is being carried out ethically by the households that take part in this survey had been informed by a researcher. The date from SCI was collected using the sample from questionnaires which is reliable and valid. The data collected were then used in the econometric and statistical analysis. A total of 7454 rural households and 5561 urban households participated in the research to identify the factors that influence the demand for private health insurance. Kansra (2015) reported that the total sample of 200 women (50 from each group) was selected as per convenience approach. The primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire deals with the necessary information of the respondent, awareness of health insurance and various sources of awareness. Based on the determinants of awareness of health insurance in the factor of demographic, it indicates that the age was positively associated with awareness of health insurance. According to Sheila et al. (2015), the lower-income group in Malaysia is the sample in this research. Selected Sampling was applied for interview approach. According to Sekaran and Bougie (2010), an interview is a useful data collection method, especially during the exploratory stages as the objective of this research is to study the status and seek insight into the Takaful industry. The interviews also help the researcher to gather valid information that is relevant to the research questions and objectives. Types of interviews used were semi-structured interviews. The primary criteria of respondents’ selection are to study which factor that Effect the demand for medical health Insurance and Takaful in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 9 , No. 1, Jan, 2019, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2019 HRMARS 1270 In the context of these researches, most of the study of the article is focused on an interview survey. The research focused factor that Effects the demand for medical health Insurance and Takaful in Malaysia. The majority of the authors were used quantit

A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Medical Health Insurance and Takaful: Evidence from Malaysia