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Activated carbon is a widely used material for the removal of organic compounds in industry due to its high surface area and pore volume. In addition, activated carbon can be employed at ordinary temperatures and pressures, as well as being easy to operate, so it is an effective adsorbent. However, since common activated carbon is microporous with pore diameter of less than 2 nm, it is difficult to adsorb larger molecules (> 2 nm) such as some bulky dyes1). Dyes have been used in many industries, i.e. textile, printing, food and cosmetics, and the effluent containing dyes would have the activity of mutagenic and carcinogenic2). Therefore, mesoporous activated carbon with pore diameter of 2-50 nm has been required for the dye wastewater treatment. Activated carbons have been made from various lignocellulosic materials such as rice husk3), corncob4), cherry stone5) and bamboo6, 7). Bamboo is an abundant, especially in Asia, and possesses the rapid growth ability compared to other plants because it can mature at only 3-5 years of age8), so bamboo could be regarded as cheaply available material. However, although 3.3 million tons of bamboos are annually provided in Japan, most of them have not been effectively utilized for industries9). Besides, in recent years bamboo is considered as a weed in forestry because it inhibited the growth of other trees/plants due to its extraordinary growth rate10). The preparation of activated carbons from bamboo is one of the promising options to prevent the bamboo harm as well as to make an efficient use of bamboo resources. So far, mainly two types of activation technique, physical and chemical activation, have been proposed for the preparation of activated carbons. Physical activation procedures involve the carbonization of a precursor, followed by the activation of the resulting char with oxidizing gas such as steam11) and/or CO2. In the case of chemical activation, a raw material is first impregnated in chemical agents such as H3PO4 or ZnCl2 which are frequently used as chemical agents, then pyrolyzed under inert gas atmosphere. Chemical activation is superior to physical activation in several aspects such as low energy consumption and high carbon yield because it can be carried out at lower temperature than physical activation. Furthermore, it is sugOriginal [Journal of Environmental Chemistry Vol.25, No.2, pp.79-86, 2015]

Preparation of Mesoporous Activated Carbons by Chemical Activation of Acid- and Base-Pretreated Bamboos for Removal of Bulky Dye Molecules