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(Objectives) Radiation induced cystitis (RC) is one of the toxicities we must often treat after radiation therapy for prostate cancer.Some patients require urinary diversion with or without cystectomy.We evaluated the clinical risks and management of RC. (Patients and methods) The clinical records of 303 patients who underwent radiation therapy for prostate cancer (199 only radiation therapy; 104 adjuvant or salvage radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy) between 2005 and 2015 in our institute, were reviewed.We defined RC based on the presence of macrohematuria, not caused by reccurence of prostate cancer or occurrence of bladder cancer. (Results) The median follow up time was 37 months (range 1-132).Thirty patients (9.9%) developed RC.Compared to radiation therapy alone, adjuvant/salvage radiation therapy was found to be a risk for RC (4.5% vs. 20.1%, p&lt; 0.01).Ten out of 30 RC patients needed hospitalization and 6 patients underwent urinary diversion with or without cystectomy.Two patients who underwent urinary diversion without cystectomy were hospitalized for a longer period compared with 4 patients with cystectomy. (Conclusion) Adjuvant/salvage therapy is a risk factor of RC after radiation therapy for prostate cancer.About 2% of the patients needed urinary diversion and cystectomy improved their prognosis.

THE RISK AND MANAGEMENT OF RADIATION INDUCED CYSTITIS AFTER RADIOTHERAPY FOR PROSTATE CANCER