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Larvae of 17 of the 23 nominal genera of American serranid fishes are described. Representatives of only two of these genera have been described previously from American waters. The genera fall into four groups which closely follow subfamilial groupings based on adult characters. Larvae of the Serraninae, representing seven genera, appear to be the most generalized and are most similar to Morone-like percichthyid larvae. They have some larval specializations but exhibit rather direct development of adult morphology. The serranine genera can be ranked in order of increasing larval specialization as follows: Serraniculus, Paralabrax, Centropristis, Diplectrum, and Serranus. Hypoplectrus and one type of Diplectrum, although considered serranines on the basis of adult characters, are quite different from the other serranine larvae observed. One line of divergence from the serranines is the Anthiinae, with larvae of four genera being represented in the present collections. These larvae have variously developed strong spines on the head and in the opercular region, also the pelvic fin spine and some dorsal fin spines are strong and develop precociously. These spines are serrated in more specialized genera. Among the anthiine genera described there is a progression of larval specialization as follows: Plectranthias, Pronotogrammus, Anthias, and Hemanthias. A third general type of serranid larvae is represented by members of the three American genera of the Epinephelinae and Gonioplectrus. These larvae all are similar in general appearance and specialized in having elongate, strong serrate spines—primarily the second spine of the dorsal fin and the pelvic spine. The fourth larval type is comprised of three genera whose affinities have been unclear. Liopropoma is generally considered by others to be a serranid of the subfamily Liopropominae, Pseudogramma has been placed by others in the family Pseudogrammidae, or considered to be a member of a subfamily of the Grammistidae, the family in which Rypticus, the third genus, is placed. Because of the similarity of their larvae and evidence from adult characters, I consider these genera to be members of the serranid subfamily Grammistinae. Larvae of these genera share some larval characters with the serranines. Their most outstanding larval feature is the development of one or two greatly elongated flexible dorsal fin spines.

Morphological comparisons of North American sea bass larvae (Pisces: Serranidae) /